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Speculative Evolution: Anatomical and Physiological Specifics of Organisms Inhabiting Super-Earths
Šefrna, Radek ; Toman, Jan (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis focuses on super-Earth-like planets, specifically addressing how a larger radius and gravitational attraction, sometimes associated with increased atmospheric density, could affect the direction of anagenesis if other parameters are kept at the terrestrial level. Firstly, super- Earth characteristics are described. Secondly, locomotion and its anatomical and physiological correlates are examined. It concludes that organisms living on the surface would have robust body structure and expects prevalence of the biosphere to exist in the air column on super- Earths with dense atmosphere with organisms resembling ocean life on Earth. Lastly, the thesis investigates life strategies and their potential dependencies on gravitational and surface characteristics, with an emphasis on energy acquisition methods, metabolism, and dispersion. With the existence of complex ecosystem reliant on photosynthesis, existence of ecological niches similar to the ones found on Earth is expected. That could lead to the genesis of symbioses, as they seem to be a universal feature of any biosphere. Due to its speculative nature, the thesis draws conclusions from studies on terrestrial organisms and their environment. It adheres to the phenomenon of convergent evolution to find possible analogies and show potential...
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Scientific reconstruction of theropod dinosaurs
Cettl, Karel ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Marek, Jaroslav (referee)
To create a good scientific reconstruction is important artistic skills and knowledge of history painting of prehistoric animals, and also knowlages in the anatomy, zoology, palaeontology, palaeoecology. Reconstruction of theropods dinosaurs became the royal discipline of professional illustration. It stands on the borderline between art and science. Our view on theropod dinosaurs has changed over time with advancing skeletal findings, and also changed a scientific reconstruction. Keywords: theropods, scientific reconstruction, anatomy structure, palaeoecology, Carnotaurus sastrei.
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Anatomy of the human uterus vascular supply with respect to uterus transplantation
Křístek, Jakub ; Froněk, Jiří (advisor) ; Turyna, Radovan (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Anatomy of the human uterus vascular supply with respect to uterus transplantation Abstract This dissertation thesis deals with the blood supply of the human uterus and its relevance to uterus transplantation. The first section summarizes what is commonly known of the anatomy of the arterial and venous uterine blood supply including collaterals. It also quotes a few classical anatomical texts, illustrates the transplantation technique, and the pros and cons of utilizing uterine grafts from living and deceased donors. The second section deals with nine publications, the first of which aimed to verify the existence of ipsilateral and contralateral arterial anastomoses. Both types were verified in all specimens (9/9). The second publication analysed two cases of graft thrombosis. The first was brought about through narrowing of the uterine artery, while the other was caused by compression from hematoma. Thrombectomy was unsuccessful in both cases. The third publication compared the utility of CT to that of MR angiography for evaluating uterine vessel quality. These two methods are complementary. The study presents a new radiological classification system suggested to assess uterine vessels. Another publication reports the interim results of a Czech uterus transplant study. Another study presents a uterus...
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Zhodnocení reprodukce fretek domácích v zájmových chovech
PROKOVÁ, Natalia
he bachelor thesis on "Evalution of the reproduction of ferrets in pet breeding" con tains a summary of the existing information on ferret reproduction. The work describes the anatomy of the male and female genitalia, the course of estrus, gestation, birth and the development of the young. Three breeds were monitored in the study, in which a total of five litters were recorded from birth to weaning and one female in which ma ting was uncuccessful and estrus was terminated by hormonal means. The weight of the observed juveniles was recorded and their development monitored. The form of the questionnaire survey was to find out the awareness of breeders about weaning of young and prologed estrus in females. From the information obtained from the survey, it was found that the awareness of ferret breeders is sufficient.
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Clinical Anatomy of the Arteries of the Trumb and the First Web Space
Miletín, Jakub ; Kachlík, David (advisor) ; Stingl, Josef (referee) ; Měšťák, Ondřej (referee)
The thumb is absolutely essential for the flawless function of the hand, and the loss of the structure or function of the thumb almost always means a partial or total invalidation of the patient. Thus, salvage and reconstruction of the thumb is one of the foremost topics in hand surgery. Modern conservation and reconstructive procedures of hand surgery require a completely new insight into the knowledge of vascular anatomy. In order for the information to be comprehensible and well communicated, it is necessary to have a sufficiently detailed, clear and, above all, uniform nomenclature. When taking a closer look at the anatomy of the vessels of the hand, it turns out that authors often do not use generally accepted terms or do not agree on the interpretation of the correctly used ones. The above stated facts led us to the conclusion that, although the anatomy of the hand arteries seems to have been well studied and described in the past, there is still considerable room for sorting out the previously described data, revising the nomenclature, completing the missing detailed description of some anatomical variations and assessing the significance and usefulness of individual structures in relation to trauma and reconstructive hand surgery. This work describes in detail the systemic and topographical...
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External hereditary defects in the domestic rabbit
MRÁZOVÁ, Veronika
The goal of this diploma thesis was to clarify the anatomy and evaluation of the exterior of the rabbit, the individual external hereditary defects that this di-ploma thesis focused on and the issue of genetics and breeding on the basis of infor-mation from available literature and scientific resources. On the basis of this information, be assembled a questionnaire, which was presented to breeders over the course of several months. On the basis of 122 responses, be subsequently found that breed-ers most often encounter malocclusion (overgrown teeth), hypospadias (cleft penis), cryptorchidism (undescended testicle(s)) and buphthalmia (underdeveloped tear ca-nals in one or both eyes, with a range of manifestations). On the contrary, it was found that hobby breeders very infrequently encounter alopecia (local or general hair loss) and limb luxation (dislocation of the thoracic or pelvic limbs). In the conclusion of this diploma thesis, the collective results were also used as a basis to calculate the statistical estimate of potential numbers of individuals suffering from a specific defect. These numbers were calculated on the basis of the most recent census of rabbits owned by hobby breeders in 2020, which took place under the patronage of the Ministry of Agriculture. The Ministry stated that in 2020 there were 4,680,000 rabbits in the Czech Republic. The current potential incidence of malocclusion was calculated as being 261, 062 individuals, for hypospadias the number was 157,136, for cryptorchidism the number was 78,984, for buphthalmia it was 79,815, and for alopecia and limb luxation the numbers were 59,861 and 18,291 respectively. The potential incidence of defects was collectively estimated at 655,149 rabbits, which is 14.1 % of the total population in this country. A possible solution to this situation was proposed in conclusion. Breeders should particularly focus on greater awareness regarding monitored and also other external hereditary defects and illnesses, so that these defects and illnesses can be identified on time and appropriately and such individuals can be eliminated from the gene pool. Breeders should also avoid inbreeding if they do not have sufficient professional or practical experience in relation to this issue.
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A novel approach imaging engorged ticks: Micro-CT scanning of Ixodes ricinus fed on blood enriched with gold nanoparticles
ONDRUŠ, Jaroslav
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is an exceptional non-destructive imaging modality, which can be used to visualize both external and internal morphology of arthropods like ticks. The major micro-CT drawback is the soft tissues visualization, which require pre-examination contrasting steps. The commonly employed tick contrasting methods are drying and immersion in a solution containing a high-atomic number element, which both cause major deformation and shrinkage of examined specimens. The aim of this study was to develop a new tick contrasting approach to bypass these limitations. We show that adult Ixodes ricinus females engorged in vitro on blood enriched with gold nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol coating can be scanned with excellent contrast. By utilizing this technique based on the hematophagous nature of the ticks, we were able to observe midgut lumen, midgut epithelium and rectal sac in their natural state. In addition, we were able to precisely calculate the midgut volume.
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Overview of the family Deinotheriidae C.L. Bonaparte, 1841 [Mammalia, Proboscidea] with direction to fossil discoveries in Czech Republic.
Šmejkal, Roman ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Wagner, Jan (referee)
This work presents the family Deinotheriidae including the subfamily Chilgatherinae. Morphological differences of teeth point to anatomical differences between the genders Chilgatherium, Prodeinotherium and Deinotherium. Further, the anatomical differences of skull and postcranial skeleton of the Deinotherinae subfamily are described. The Extension of the family Deinotherium is tied to the migration routes from Africa to Asia and Europe. The Occurrence in the Czech Republic is confirmed by 2 important discovery sites. The first one is located in Horní Ves near Franzensbad where the skeleton of the species Prodeinotherium bavaricum was discovered. The second one is located near Česká Třebová and represented by the fragments of the lower jaw of the species Prodeinotherium cuvieri. The discussion focuses on the use of the lower tusks and the method of food intake.
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Phylogeny and ecology of family Planorbidae
Běláčová, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Lorencová, Erika (referee)
Phylogenetics is a sub-discipline of biology which focuses on classification of organisms based on their evolutionary development. Morphological and anatomical features have been traditionally used in reconstruction of phylogeny but with the onset of modern technology their role has been partly taken up by molecular analysis. Family Planorbidae is a very diverse group that includes species with very different morphology. This work aims to provide an overview of the phylogeny within Planorbidae family and discuss the importance of the individual features used in determination based on the results of the published studies.
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Current view on the biology of theropod dinosaurs
Honskus, Adam ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Řezníček, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis hes summarised available data from morphology, anatomy, ecology, ethology, ontogeny and phylogeny of theropod representatives of the clade Dinosauria that are based on the recent results deriving from the application of modern scientific methods and technologies. Main methods are laser scanning, computed tomography, electron microscope analysis and virtual and physical model reconstruction. Application of these results have changed radically historical and dogmatic point of view on this fascinating group of dinosaurs that had ruled on the Earth for more than 150-million years. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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